Zara s Operation Strategy And How It Uses Technology Into...

Executive Summary This report is about Zara’s operation strategy and how it uses technology in operations to get competitive advantage in the fashion market. Zara introduced information system in operations for fast communication between different departments. The company’s store managers directly convey customers feedback to head office through advanced information system. Once the information gets collected by head office, the designers start working on new designs and take immediate opinions from their colleagues to manufacture the design. CAD system picks the design which is installed in computers and prepares clothes of good quality with very less wastage. Company’s business strategy and operation strategy works with smooth mixture which helps in efficient distribution system. Table of Contents Page No Executive Summary 1 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Zara Operations Strategy Technology 4 2.1 Just In Time Production 4 2.2 Information System 4 2.3 CAD System 6 2.4 Distribution System 6 2.5 Coaction Between Business Operations 7 3.0 Conclusion 8 4.0 References 9 1.0 Introduction Today’s highly competitive market condition changed the way operations management used to work in past, now operations has to be managed in such a way that it enables the organization to get competitive advantage in the industry. Operations management are working on totally different requirements at present as compared to the past or we can say operation management becomesShow MoreRelatedStrategy of Zara Burberry1298 Words   |  6 Pages| | | | [STRATEGY OF ZARA amp; BURBERRY] | | TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 STRATEGIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 CONCLUSION: COMPARISON ZARA VS BURBERRY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 REFERENCES.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Introduction ABOUT ZARA†¦ Zara started operations in Spain in 1975, and now operates in 74 countries worldwide. Zara is one of the largest international fashion companies and it is owned by INDITEX, one of the world’s largest distributionRead MoreZara Case1472 Words   |  6 Pagesreplace three of the existing legacy systems in terms of ordering and fulfillment. The IS department will perceive such upgrade as a radical move and is expected to show high resistance in response to it. Even though Zara has a decentralized decision making process, the retailer’s IS department exercises absolute autonomy on the IT infrastructure and design. The fact that â€Å"only one person had left the department† in the past 10 years further confirms that the retailer is suffering from cognitive andRead MoreZara It Strategies for Retail Essay2571 Words   |  11 PagesMIB 2013 2355 words Zara: IT for Fast Fashion Zara: IT for Fast Fashion EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In This case we see the typical problem which affect big Companies : the conflict between old style and new school of thought. We analyze Zara’s information Technology strategies and the diatribe between Salgado, The Head of the Department and Sanchez , his assistant,s concern upgrading the operating system and the implementation of a new IT system to fulfill the needs of a fast growing retail chainRead MoreCompare and contrast the supply chain management approaches take by HM, Benetton and Zara2719 Words   |  11 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to discuss different supply chain management approaches taken by HM, Benetton and Zara. It is first necessary to explain what a supply chain management means. Supply chain management involves planning, design, maintenance and control of the flow of materials and information along the chain in order to efficiently satisfy customers requirements (Schroeder, 2000). Such an approach, of looking at the entire supply network helps organ isations identify their competitiveRead MoreZara Is The Most Successful Retailer Brands Of Spanish Company Of The Inditex Group2427 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Zara is one of the world largest international fashion distributors, which is extremely competitive business with the most innovative speed-to-market business model. They are the third largest brand in the garment industry. Zara has become the most innovative retailers in the world. They invented the concept of fast fashion industry. Zara has changed conditions in the marketplace demand a much more agile response from the organizations and supply chain. Supply Chain Management (SCM)Read MoreZara Operations Strategy4086 Words   |  17 PagesZARA’S OPERATIONS STATEGY, A CRITIQUE OF A BUSINESS CASE. 1.Excecutive summary. Operations management is in regard to all operations within the organization responsible for creating goods and services that organizations pass to their customers. This function is at the heart of all organizations, giving the means of achieving their aims and reason for their existence. These activities include: managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage and logistics. A great deal of focus inRead MoreIct Developments in Supply Chain Management Within the Fashion Industry4127 Words   |  17 PagesB.I.S. MIS40760 Information and Communication Technologies Project ICT developments in Supply Chain Management within the Fashion Industry Group C7 Laurence Dumenil 10263080 Laurence.dumenil@ucd.ie Ian Foley 10287825 Ian.Foley@ucdconnect.ie Noirin Kirwan 10272127 noirin.kirwan@ucdconnect.ie Paul Murray 03528731 paul.murray1@ucdconnect.ie Cathy Smith 10269886   Cathy.Smith.1@ucdconnect.ie Andres Villar 10279253 Andres.Villar@ucdconnect.ie Table of Contents: 3 Introduction Read MoreZara; Should They Change Their It Infrastructure to Remain Sustainable?10596 Words   |  43 Pages1 Ââ€" Zara s Business Model and Competitive Analysis Zara, the most profitable brand of Inditex SA, the Spanish clothing retail group, opened its first store in 1975 in La Coruà ±a, Spain; a city which eventually became the central headquarters for Zara s global operations. Since then they have expanded operations into 45 countries with 531 stores located in the most important shopping districts of more than 400 cities in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Throughout this expansion Zara hasRead MoreZara: It for Fast Fashion3524 Words   |  15 PagesI. Executive Summary Zara produces of-the-moment fashion and has developed a very successful vertically integrated company which can design, manufacture, and distribute garments to retail stores in as little as three weeks. Zara s target market is comprised of urban, fashion-conscious consumers who shop frequently for the latest trends. Currently under debate is a proposed upgrade to the POS system throughout the Zara chain. With over 550 stores, this would be a huge undertaking for Inditex,Read MoreEssay on The Zara Business Model2190 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Zara is the most popular and profitable brand of Inditex SA, the world’s largest retail group. The first Zara store was launched in 1975 in La Coruà ±a, Spain; a city which eventually became the central headquarters for Zara’s global operations. In the beginning the store was named Zobra, but after a while the founder and CEO Amansio Ortega has renamed it to ZARA. The first international Zara store was opened in 1988 in Oporto, Portugal. Since then Zara has expanded its operations into 87 countries

The Morality Of Euthanasia By James Rachels - 1086 Words

Student: Gretel Herrera-Martinez Panther ID: 3339147 Active Euthanasia Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptable? Explain his view and respond to it. In this essay, we are going to analyze the main ideas included in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† by James Rachels to provide a response to the following question: Does James Rachels in â€Å"The Morality of Euthanasia† successfully argue that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptable? Having read and analyzed this article in my opinion Mr. James Rachels successfully argues that in at least some cases active euthanasia is morally acceptable. First of all and to better understand the position of the author we need to understand the principal concepts involved in this article. We need to define euthanasia and classify the different types of euthanasia. Euthanasia is considered as a good death, it is the act or omission that accelerates the death of a patient sick with no cure, with or without their approval (as in the case of people in a coma), with the intention of stopping suffering and pain. Euthanasia is associated with the end of life to stop or avoid suffering. Today, the fact that euthanasia is morality or immorality permissible is a very controversial issue debated and discussed by doctors and philosophers. This point generated a controversial debate. The discussion takes into account the ethics of medicalShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism Vs. Kantian Theory1100 Words   |  5 PagesMelanie Dolechek 3/30/17 PHI Essay #2 Utilitarianism vs Kantian Theory Morality is a complex subject and ethical dilemmas yield differing opinions and theories that have manifested through time by intelligent philosophers. There were two influential philosophers’ names Jeremy Bentham and Immanuel Kant, who formed differing theories, in an attempt to set a uniform approach to ethical dilemmas and morality. Bentham was a firm supporter of Utilitarian theory; which focuses on overall happiness andRead MoreThe Morality Of Euthanasia And The Application Of Utilitarianism1213 Words   |  5 PagesThe Morality of Euthanasia and the Application of Utilitarianism. Introduction When a patient is in immense amounts of pain from a terminal illness, one of the options to relieve a person from the pain is euthanasia. Euthanasia is seen as a controversial and moral issue because of the different viewpoints. Euthanasia is seen by some as killing, while others see it as removing a person from immense amounts of pain. This paper will first discuss the principles of utilitarianism through BenthamRead MoreEuthanasi Active And Passive Euthanasia1562 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia, also known as voluntary or assisted suicide, is used for terminally ill patients to end their lives instead of undergoing painful treatments and torment of waiting for death. There are, however, two different ways in which A can bring about B’s death. In this essay I will present the distinction between active and passive euthanasia as explained by James Rachels in his article called â€Å"Active and Passive Euthanasia†. I will also debate whether euthanasia is justified or not by presentingRead More Is Euthanasia Morally Acceptable? Essay2334 Words   |  10 Pagesare debated by those considering the morality of euthanasia, which is a very controversial topics in America. Euthanasia can be defined as â€Å"bringing about the death of another person to somehow benefit that person† (Pojman). The term implies that the death is intentional. Because there are several different types of euthanasia, it is difficult to make a blanket statement concerning the morality of euthanasia. This paper will discuss the particular morality of the passive and active forms of involuntaryRead MoreJames Rachels s Active And Passive Euthanasia1275 Words   |  6 PagesMorality, in its basic sense, can easily be interpreted as a view or a response that is influenced by a culture. Given its conditioned thoughts, a single person may not take a stance where they have the ultimate discretion of what deems the distinction of moral things, and those that are not. Inst ead of attempting to grasp this larger picture, a second thought to ponder is whether or not there is a difference between active and passive euthanasia. Breaking this argument down a bit more, our ultimateRead MoreThe Morality Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia1350 Words   |  6 PagesThe morality of euthanasia continues to be a controversial topic. Its subject matter, death, is shrouded in emotional feelings that often obscure the logical appraisal of the subject. For opponents of euthanasia, passive and active euthanasia are seen as distinct and subject to different morality rulings. According to Vaughn â€Å"Active euthanasia is said to involve performing an action that directly causes someone to die†¦ Passive euthanasia is allowing someone to die by not doing something that wouldRead MoreEuthanasia Is Morally Permissible?1389 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia means,’ the painless killing of patients suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible c oma, also known as â€Å"assisted suicide† or ‘mercy killing’’. James Rachel asks a very interesting question to the reader. He asks if active euthanasia is morally permissible. Rachel creates a distinction between active and passive euthanasia for the reader. Furthermore he not only defends the idea but he brings it one step forward to say that there is nor should there be any differenceRead MoreCultural Relativism Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagespresent-day society. In â€Å"The Challenge of Cultural Relativism,† James Rachels claims that there are consequences to accepting cultural relativism, but Rachels does not define exactly what a society consists of, who is included in it, and provides an excessive description of the different sub-societies. While Rachels uses the terms â€Å"society† and â€Å"cultures† throughout his article, he does not define what is meant by â€Å"society† and â€Å"cultures.† Rachels also fails to acknowledge that the definitions of â€Å"societies†Read MorePurpose of a Living Will and the Morality of Euthanasia829 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical treatments. Euthanasia, also called assisted suicide, or physician-assisted suicide, offers one of many options for terminal-ill patients or those with intractable pain. Many infer euthanasia as the action that brings about the end of a patient’s life because it has been decided they would be better off dead. Since euthanasia involves killing another person, voluntarily or not, a virtuous person considers euthanasia acceptable. There are two main categories of euthanasia, voluntary (conductedRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Euthanasia1302 Words   |  6 Pagesbehind Euthanasia In an ethics class I took in high school, I have learned about many controversial topics. One that caught my attention specifically was euthanasia or the â€Å"right to die† as some call it. There are many types of Euthanasia, including active and passive. In class we debated the difference between the two and why passive euthanasia is legal and active is not. Active euthanasia is defined as â€Å"a person directly and deliberately causing the patient s death.† (Forms of euthanasia) Passive

An Inspector Calls Play Essay Example For Students

An Inspector Calls Play Essay Priestley wrote the play in 1945, and the play was set in 1912. When the play was set wages were very poor, redundancy was extremely high. Priestley in this play showed that capitalist people were no different then general people in society. Priestley shows this by telling the audience how badly we treat society and how selfish as people we all are, and mainly how we dont accept our responsibility. Priestley achieves this by playing the main role the inspector and therefore uses his voice as a tool. The inspector can predict things before they actually happen and uses this as an advantage and sets reactions throughout the family. The Inspector creates various tension in the family. As soon as he arrives he starts of explaining about a death and why he is here a young women died in the infirmary shed been taken there this afternoon because shed swallowed a lot of strong disinfectant burnt her inside of course he also creates tension and stirs things up, and scares the Birling family she wasnt pretty when I saw her today but she had been pretty very pretty here the inspector is talking about Eva Smith and how she had been pretty before she had commit suicide, he is not generally talking about how pretty she is, but mainly how she had been a generous person or what she had been through, as you should remember Priestley is using the inspector as a tool. The inspector was no pushover he also shows to stand his ground as when Eric says I better turn in the inspector says and I think youd better stay here here he is standing his ground and also making his role, he does this as Priestley is showing that a rich family cant get away with everything. When the inspector arrived he seemed to make a very strong impression he said id like some information if you dont mind, Mr Birling two hours ago a young women died in the infirmary shed been taken there this afternoon because shed swallowed a lot of strong disinfectant burnt her inside of course Eric says my god this also shocked the audience, as he came in ruining a marriage The play is structured effectively as there is a section at the begging were the audience can picture themselves on stage, where there is no inspector so when the Birling family are having a nice time and enjoying themselves as a high classed family the audience see themselves on stage, once Priestley has the audience picturing themselves on stage he makes his move this is when the inspector arrives interrupting Gerald and Sheilas marriage yes, youve piled it on a bit tonight father special occasion and feeling contented this shows there happy and celebrating. But once the inspector informs them about the death I would like some information if you dont mind, Mr Birling two hours ago a young women died in the infirmary shed been taken there this afternoon because shed swallowed a lot of strong disinfectant burnt her inside of course, they dont seem very happy. There is no inspector at the end of the play this is so they think they have been cheated however the important message is to be nice to people and although even if they had been shown different photos of different people there actions are still the same. Mr Birling thinks he is very clever at the begging and at the end of the play that is the echoes at the begging and the end. The play stats and finishes at the same point its a vicious circle and this means it keeps carrying on as if they think the inspector is fake Birling says this makes a difference ya know in fact it makes all the difference Gerald says of course then Sheila bitterly says I suppose were all nice people now Mr Birling does use quite a lot of dramatic irony in the play one of the main ones is about the titanic The titanic she sails next week forty six thousand eight hundred tons forty six thousand eight hundred tons new York in five days and every luxury and unsinkable absolutely unsinkable .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 , .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 .postImageUrl , .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 , .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5:hover , .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5:visited , .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5:active { border:0!important; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5:active , .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5 .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u25fb61587f45f3461e25ab8dbbcdcea5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Elizabeth's innocence EssayMr Birling is very confident throughout the play even when the inspector arrives when the inspector arrives Mr Birling say Can I help he is trying to be on top. Priestley made act on very dramatic and the audience all knew at the end of act one were anticipating a mystery The inspector arrives when Mr Birling is talking about every man stands for himself this was not a co incidence so when the inspector leaves he says we should live as one. Priestly did not want a big scary built inspector but wanted a intelligent one the inspector need not to be a big man but he creates at once an impression of solidity and purposefulness Inspector ruins family as he interrupts a marriage Priestley is very clever in this play as the inspector is not there to arrest anybody thats not proving a point the is there to say how selfish you are with in yourselves as there just made up characters but once youve pictures yourselves with them there is no looking back. Inspector Goole is a clever name as this means ghost also means feeding of the dead this also relates to the play and makes it spookier. Inspector makes all of the Birling family responsible for the death but they only accept there part the point that is trying to be made is that you are all responsible but Mr Birling does not take responsibility. Priestley is more concerned about moral law not criminal law as its a play and the audience are being mocked and he cant get them arrested as she commit suicide. As its said in the play Eva Smith is just one Eva Smith there are millions he is talking about society in general and trying to make a point that we need to treat everybody with respect and again the date is important to the play as he can mock society even more. Inspector acts as a catalyst as he ruins family relationships. The inspector acts as a catalyst as he turns the Birling family into to sides, one side as the Mr and Mrs Birling there view on this is they want to keep the family reputation high and want to be seen as high class people the other side is honesty as Shelia Eric confess to what they have done even after the inspector has gone and been named a fraud. After the Inspector has been so identified a fraud, tension is still high as Shelia and Eric were pleading guilty that they had treated somebody badly maybe not an Eva smith, as the inspector may have shown different photos to them both but they had treated somebody badly, and they feel bad. the audience here is shown that you only realise what your doing bad until it has a negative approach on your reputation or just effects you in anyway. After this another inspector is on the phone and now most of the audience believe this as the real inspector and Eric and Sheila are ready to tell the truth, this inspector which is calling is the cliffhanging end to the inspector calls. The play ends in the midst of this tension and leaves the audience wanting to know more, this phone call is known as the donovment.

The Sport Of Boxing Essays - Combat Sports, Individual Sports

The Sport of Boxing Boxing is often referred to as the "Manly Art of Self Defense." It is a very respectable sport that has a rough side to it. Boxing takes place in a sixteen to twenty-four foot square padded area called a ring. A boxing match (referred to as a bout) is usually a fast , violent show of strength, stamina, and skill. The boxers throw powerful punches as each tries to win the bout by means of points, knocking his opponent unconscious, or forcing him to give up the fight. While at the same time , each boxer must guard his head and body against the others punches by dodging or blocking the blows. The action may take place in any part of the ring as the fighters weave about or press forward, trying to get a chance for a successful blow or combination. Good boxers are strong, quick, skillful, and in top physical condition. They also have the courage and determination to fight in spite of pain and exhaustion. Boxers fight as amateurs or professionals. Most amateurs compete as members of and organization or team and some box in tournaments. Amateurs may not accept or receive money for boxing. Professionals fight for money and are often referred to as prize fighters. Boxing Regulations The rules followed for amateurs and professional bouts do differ for the United States and in international and Olympic Game competition. Weight Classes-Boxers compete in classes, or divisions, based on their weight. To fight in a particular class, a boxer may not weigh more than the maximum for that class. The professional weight classes from heaviest to lightest is Heavyweight, Junior Heavyweight , Middleweight, Junior Middleweight, Welterweight, Junior Welterweight, Lightweight, Junior Lightweight, Featherweight, Junior Featherweight, Bantomweight, Junior Bantomweight, Flyweight, Junior Flyweight. The Ring- The ring is a square platform measuring sixteen to twenty-four feet on each side. For professional championship bouts, the boxers may select the size of the ring within these limits on the approval of the local boxing commission. At least three ropes attached to a post at each corner, surround the ring. The floor of the ring has a canvas covering stretched over felt or foam rubber. The ring floor stands three to four feet higher than the floor of the arena. Equipment- A boxers hands are wrapped in soft cloth bandages , over the bandages he wears padded gloves. His gloves soften his punches and protect his hands as well as his opponent from injury. The gloves weigh eight or ten ounces. Boxers wear trunks and light weight shoes that lace just above the ankle. A mouthpiece of hard rubber protects the teeth, and a plastic cup protects the sex organs. Both amateur and professionals wear a protective leather helmet when training. Amateur fighters may wear a helmet in actual competition, though professionals do not. The helmet covers the back and sides of the head and ears. Time periods- Time periods of a boxing match are referred to as rounds. Each round lasts two or three minutes in amateur bouts. Rounds in major professional bouts last three minutes. In all matches there is a one minute rest period between rounds. A professional bout may be scheduled for four to fifteen rounds . Most professional championships are scheduled for twelve or fifteen rounds. Amateur fights are three to six rounds. All amateur championships are scheduled for three rounds. Fight Officials- During a round, the referee is the only person in the ring besides the boxers. He sees that the fighters obey the rules. The referee warns a boxer that disobeys a rule. He may disqualify a fighter for committing a serious violation or too many violations. Two or three judges sit along ringside and score most fights. However, amateur championship fights require two judges. The time keeper keeps track of time and sounds a bell to signal the beginning and end of each round. An official ring physician is present at every bout to provide medical treatment if needed. The physician then advises the referee how serious an injured fighters condition may be. Scoring a Fight- A boxer wins a fight by (1) a knockout, (2) a technical knockout, or (3) a decision. Sometimes, a professional bout may end in a draw, with neither fighter declared the winner. Amateur fights cannot win in a draw. In a close bout, the amateur who showed better style or committed fewer violations may be awarded the winner. A